| 翻訳と辞書 |
| Metal aromaticity ： ウィキペディア英語版 |
Metal aromaticity
Metal aromaticity is simply the concept of aromaticity found in many organic compounds is extended to metals. The first experimental evidence for the existence of aromaticity in metals was found in aluminium cluster compounds of the type MAl4− where M stands for lithium, sodium or copper.〔''Observation of All-Metal Aromatic Molecules '' Xi Li, Aleksey E. Kuznetsov, Hai-Feng Zhang, Alexander I. Boldyrev, Lai-Sheng Wang Science Vol. 291. p. 859 2001 〕 These anions can be generated in a helium gas by laser vaporization of an aluminium / lithium carbonate composite or a copper or sodium / aluminium alloy, separated and selected by mass spectrometry and analyzed by photoelectron spectroscopy. The evidence for aromaticity in these compounds is based on several considerations. Computational chemistry shows that these aluminium clusters consist of a tetranuclear Al42− plane and a counterion at the apex of a square pyramid. The Al42− unit is perfectly planar and is not perturbed the presence of the counterion or even the presence of two counterions in the neutral compound M2Al4. In addition its HOMO is calculated to be a doubly occupied delocalized pi system making it obey Hückel's rule. Finally a match exists between the calculated values and the experimental photoelectron values for the energy required to remove the first 4 valence electrons.
D-orbital aromaticity is found in trinuclear tungsten W3O9− and molybdenum Mo3O9− metal clusters generated by laser vaporization of the pure metals in the presence of oxygen in a helium stream.〔''Observation of d-Orbital Aromaticity '' Xin Huang, Hua-Jin Zhai, Boggavarapu Kiran, Lai-Sheng Wang, Angewandte Chemie International Edition Volume 44, Issue 44 , Pages 7251–54 2005 〕 In these clusters the three metal centers are bridged by oxygen and each metal has two terminal oxygen atoms. The first signal in the photoelectron spectrum corresponds to the removal of the valence electron with the lowest energy in the anion to the neutral M3O9 compound. This energy turns out to be comparable to that of bulk tungsten trioxide and molybdenum trioxide. The photoelectric signal is also broad which suggests a large difference in conformation between the anion and the neutral species. Computational chemistry shows that the M3O9− anions and M3O92− dianions are ideal hexagons with identical metal-to-metal bond lengths.
The molecules discussed thus far only exist diluted in the gas phase. A study exploring the properties of a compound formed in water from sodium molybdate (Na2MoO4.2H2O) and iminodiacetic acid also revealed evidence of aromaticity, but this compound has actually been isolated. X-ray crystallography showed that the sodium atoms are arranged in layers of hexagonal clusters akin to pentacenes. The sodium-to-sodium bond lengths are unusually short (327 pm versus 380 pm in elemental sodium) and, like benzene, the ring is planar. In this compound each sodium atom has a distorted octahedral molecular geometry with coordination to molybdenum atoms and water molecules.〔''Synthesis and structure of 1-D Na6 cluster chain with short Na–Na distance: Organic like aromaticity in inorganic metal cluster'' Snehadrinarayan Khatua, Debesh R. Roy, Pratim K. Chattaraj and Manish Bhattacharjee Chem. Commun., 2007, 135–37, 〕 The experimental evidence is supported by computed NICS aromaticity values.
==References==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
■ウィキペディアで「Metal aromaticity」の詳細全文を読む
スポンサード リンク
| 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース |
Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.
|
|